Type Selection

As with all plants, the main purpose in cotton production is high yield and quality. Climatic conditions and soil structure in cotton production areas have an important place in determining the type to be cultivated. In general, we can list the criteria that should be considered when choosing a cotton variety.

 

• Efficiency,
• Fiber Quality,
• Earliness,
• Disease and Harm Resistance,
• Appropriateness in Mechanical Damage,
• Resistance to stress conditions,
• Wind and storm resistance.

 

Set Tohum will help you in choosing varieties. Please do not hesitate to call.

2. USE OF CERTIFIED SEED

The seed, which is one of the basic inputs of vegetable production, is an important influence on increasing production without harming the environment and human health. Many of the techniques used and the materials used in plant breeding are intended to allow the full genetic and physiological potential of the seed to actually appear. Fertilization, hoeing, irrigation etc. none of the plant breeding practices contributes beyond the genetic restriction defined by the seed in increasing production.

The benefits of using Certified Seed can be summarized as follows.

• A complete production is achieved with variety purity.
• Germination ability is higher.
• It is more amenable to moisture and plant nutrients due to its improved quality.
• Since the output to the surface of the soil will be uniform, there will be no fluctuations and voids in the field. Therefore, product loss does not occur.
• Maintenance work can be done more effectively because the development of the plants in the field is the same.
• Since ripening will occur in all plants at the same time, it provides harvesting convenience.
• Unit production cost is lower than non-certified ones.
• Since the quality of the product obtained is uniform, the market value is high.

The level of agriculture in a country is closely related to the level of utilization and quality seeds provided by farmers in that country.

 

SOWING

The seeding can be germinated, besides having sufficient seed (tav, gönen) in the seed bed, it also depends on the air and soil temperature. Cotton seeds can not germinate under 15C. For this reason, optimum germination temperature in cotton cultivation is specified as 18C. Sudden changes in air (cooling) can also have an adverse effect on germination. Therefore, when deciding on the day of planting, it is necessary to consider the weather forecast reports for the next 5 days.

In this 5 day period the average of day-night;

• 10 degrees or less early for sowing,
• 11-15 acceptable,
• 16-20 is enough,
• If it is more than 20 d, it is decided that it is the best time.

 

Factors affecting soil temperature:

• Temperature; it is not effective alone at the time of planting.
• Sunlight ; direct sunlight rays on sunny days cause the resulting soil to warm up faster than air.
• Soil structure and color; Soil structure and color have a direct effect on the soil temperature. Sandy soils are warmer than water with less water and heavier soil.
• Light-colored soils are warmed later than heavily soils due to the reflection of light. If the soil structure is not correct, the output will not be smooth.
• Soil surface; If there are more product residues on the soil surface, the warming of the soil will be late. With tools and equipment these must be destroyed.

 

The crop should be started in the morning hours (after 8.00 degrees) when the soil temperature starts to rise. As the soil temperature does not reach the stated value, the seedlings can not be taken out well in the cultivation, and the disease agents (Rhizoctonia and Phythium) causing the root rot of the seedlings cause diseases in the field.

Sowing Time; it is closely related to soil structure and ground water. Sowing can be done earlier in the light soils that get warmed quickly and in the pan, and in the red terreroza soils of the Mediterranean. Clay soil is delayed by late heating. The height of the ground water also causes the plantation to be delayed.

Sowing is done late in salty soils. However, since the existing salt spirits are holding the water and taking away the seeds from the seeds, the planting should be done in part "heavy". In such soil, if planting in normal frying, germination and plant output will not be sufficient due to the lack of humidity.

Cotton seedlings vary from planting depth to planting time, soil structure, 2-4 cm depending on the degree of temper. Under normal conditions it is 3-4 cm.

In normal or late sowing, if the soil temper is a little deep, tools called "strips" are put on the sowing feet of the seedlings. They scrape off the dry soil on the soil surface and allow the seed to fall into the soil with a depth of 3-4 cm and to germinate well. Under normal conditions, the seed appears on the soil surface in 5-10 days.

Sometimes, especially when there is little organic matter, it rains after sowing and when the sun is shining behind it, a thick hard layer is formed on the soil surface. In Cukurova this layer is called the '' Kaymak '' layer. Cotton fudders usually break this layer and can not reach the soil surface. In such cases, either the soil surface should be softened by watering with a sprinkler system, or it should be treated with tools that break the substrate to help the seedling exit.

The number of plants required to be in the unit area may vary depending on the climate, soil, variety and mechanization conditions of the cotton growing area. A lot of work has been done in this regard. Depending on the environmental conditions, the number of plants in the unit can vary from 7,000 to 12,000. Cotton planting frequency in our territory, 70 - 76 cm between rows in order to be suitable for farming harvesting. The order is 10-12 cm according to the suitability of the machine.

Use the following formula for calculating the plants in dekara:
Plants per hectare in the desired plant dekara = 1.2 X (calculated as 80% germination and emergence.)

Seedling pests and solutions

Set Tohum, seedling damping-off disease (Pythium, Rhizoct and so on.) Cotton seed for drugs. The benefits of buying medicated seeds can be seen throughout the evolution of the cotton plant.

Sıra Üstü Mesafe	15 cm		12 cm		10 cm		8 cm		6 cm
Sıra Arası Mesafe	Dekarda Tohum Sayı	Dekarda Bitki Sayı	Dekarda Tohum Sayı	Dekarda Bitki Sayı	Dekarda Tohum Sayı	Dekarda Bitki Sayı	Dekarda Tohum Sayı	Dekarda Bitki Sayı	Dekarda Tohum Sayı	Dekarda Bitki Sayı
20cm	33,333	26,667
25cm	26,667	21,333	33,333	26,667
70cm	9,524	7,619	11,905	9,524	14,286	11,429	17,857	14,286	23,810	19,048
75cm	8,889	7,111	11,111	8,889	13,333	10,667	16,667	13,333	22,222	17,778
80cm	8,333	6,667	10,417	8,333	12,500	10,000	15,625	12,500	20,833	16,667
96cm					10,417	8,333	13,021	10,417	17,361	13,889
700cm					10,000	8,000	12,500	10,000	16,667	13,333