Wheat (Triticum) is a single annual herbaceous plant that has been rehabilitated throughout the world from the family of wheatgrass. The gene center is shown in Anatolia, Western Iran and Caucasus. It is in the first place in terms of planting and production in the world. The grain of wheat is the basic nutrient of approximately 50 countries due to its convenient nutritional value, storage and handling convenience.
The wheat contains about 13% water, 51% starch, 9% protein, 2% fat and 1.8% mineral substances. The grain of wheat is similar to the tohma but it is actually a fruit. The fruit skin (pericarp) is adhered to the seed coat (testa). This type of fruit is called Karyops. Under the seed coat there are 1-2 ordered protein layers. This is followed by the starchy rich endosperm (fat tissue). At one end of the fattening tissue is an embryo containing fat and protein. The weight of a thousand daisies of wheat is 30-50 gr. between. The grains are yellow in color, red and near white.
In classifications made according to chromosome numbers and genomic formulas, wheat is divided into 3 groups;
Diploid group (AA) is also called the spa group. (n = 14)
The Tetraploid group (AABB), which is also called the pasta wheat group. (n= 28)
The hexaploid group (AABBDD) is also called the group of bread wheat (n = 42)
Each group also has bare half forms in the shiny side.
Wheat loves relatively warm and moderate climates. Having a large number of varieties has provided him with a wide field of growth. Wheat germination requires a temperature of at least 3-4 degrees. When the temperature of the soil is 12-15 degrees, the wheat planted grows in the soil in 7-10 days. Generally wheat is a winter-resistant plant.
Wheat can grow on every soil. High yields are obtained in deep, clayey, loamy, clayey, humus-rich soils. Durum wheat can be grown in poorer soil than bread wheat. Durum wheat can be grown in poorer soil than bread wheat.
Being in the beginning of wheat, barley, rye and cool climate grains are winter resistant. Winter durability is different between wheat varieties. Knowing the durability of the winter in winter allows the seeder to choose the correct seed. The right seed selection ensures that wheat is protected from frost damage in severe winter colds. Sowing time in wheat is very important. Appropriate sowing time provides regular germination and exit. The following points should be observed when choosing the sowing time and methods.
Sowing Time: Early or late sowing plant is damaged by the severe cold of winter. At the appropriate time, planting increases the resistance of the plant to coldness and constancy. The most suitable sowing time in Çukurova and Aegean Region is between November 10 and December 15.
SowingDeepness: Wheat seedlings are spread 5-6 cm deep. The weight of the candle can be measured in terms of weight or volume. The depth can be 4-5 cm in small seeds and 5-6 cm in large seeds. Whether the soil is dry or tempered is also important to decide on the depth of planting.
Sowing Method: Wheat seeds are made with fertilizer spreader (ruff) or seeder. Sowing seedlings saves seeds. While 16-20 kg / decare seeds are used with spreader, this ratio increases to 30 kg / decare with spreader. Certified seeds should be used for high yield. Seeds must be in special packages, the label must be on the package and the information and warnings on the label must be observed. Certified seeds are supplied to the market as a wheat disease drug applied against rubbing and rush.
Wheat is a plant that generally responds well to fertilizer. Our coastal areas (Aegean, Mediterranean, Cukurova) and Southeastern Anatolia are 14-16 kg. Nitrogen and 6-8 kg. Phosphorus is recommended. Nitrogenous halvah half and phosphorus are all supplied as a base fertilizer with seeding (it is more suitable to be planted with seedlings) and the other half of nitrogen fertilizer is given as top fertilizer in dividing or once in a time of brotherhood and sagging. Struggle with weeds is also one of the important maintenance jobs. Wheatgrass weeds and wild oats, as well as other broad-leaved weeds, affect wheat farming, especially in areas where the crop rotation is not applied and wheat crops are grown on wheat. The decrease in yield and quality continues every year. The herbicides to be used for this purpose should be used in post-sowing and stalking periods. In our country, wheat is grown without watering. In the past few years, wheat has to be irrigated in irrigated areas, especially at the beginning of stemming and flowering.
Combating diseases is one of the most important maintenance tasks. The most important diseases that are harmful to wheat during flowering period are fusarium, rust and septoria diseases. It causes large yield losses in the epidemic years. The use of durable varieties is one of the best methods against such diseases. The varieties newly introduced and introduced to the market (our SERI 2013 varieties) can tolerate rust diseases for 5-6 years and then become susceptible to this disease. However, not all varieties of such agents have been developed to be tolerable. For this reason, chemical fighting is also used.
The most important detriments of wheat are Sune, kumil, zabrus, bambul and cigarettes. The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the territorial struggle in some regions against this harmfulness. In this regard (chemical or biological struggle) it is useful to get support from technical organizations.
The harvesting time for wheat in our country varies between regions and is between the end of May and the end of July. When the moisture content is 13%, it is the most suitable harvesting time. The harvest is carried out with the harvester in the period when the plants are completely wrapped up and the instructions are hardened. Delay in harvest increases grain loss. The humidity of the stored wheat should not exceed 13%.
Nefkin Web Tasarım tarafından 
ile tasarlanmıştır